WEEK OF DEC 20 – 26, 2025

Z.ai open-sourced GLM-4.7 under MIT, Nvidia bought Groq's inference stack, and OpenAI said prompt injection may never be fixed

The last full week of 2025 shipped a frontier-class open coding model at a fraction of closed-model prices, a Christmas Eve licensing deal that removes Nvidia's sharpest inference rival, and a lab publicly conceding its browser agent has a structural, permanent attack surface.

Nobody stops shipping because it is Christmas. On Monday December 22, Z.ai released GLM-4.7 — a 358B-parameter mixture-of-experts model with 32B active parameters, a 200K-token context window and weights on Hugging Face and ModelScope under the MIT license. It scores 73.8% on SWE-bench Verified, 87.4% on tau-squared-Bench and 95.7% on AIME 2025, numbers that sit inside a point or two of closed flagships.

Two days later, on December 24, Groq announced a non-exclusive licensing agreement with Nvidia for its inference technology, with founder Jonathan Ross and president Sunny Madra moving to Nvidia; CNBC reported the deal at about $20 billion in cash, citing the lead investor. Groq keeps operating independently under a new CEO, which is exactly why the structure drew antitrust questions rather than a merger filing.

The same week OpenAI published a security write-up conceding that prompt injection in browser agents is unlikely to ever be fully solved, and shipped an adversarially trained Atlas model after its own RL red-teamer found a new attack class. New York's RAISE Act, meanwhile, was signed in a heavily rewritten form after a lobbying campaign that included universities — and by Friday, the year-in-review pieces and a warier debt market were both framing 2025 as the year agents and open weights stopped being interesting side stories.

FRI · Dec 26, 2025year in reviewcapitalindustry

2025's dividend and its bill: reasoning and agents everywhere, debt investors getting choosier

The year closed with a five-part retrospective from across the industry: reasoning models that went from prompted trick to default behavior, agentic coding tools displacing autocomplete-style completion, a talent market paying sports-money salaries, a data-center build-out measured in gigawatts, and China banning US-designed GPUs and TPUs to force domestic silicon. Read together, the year's capability gains and its capex commitments are the same story — the agents people now ship are what made trillion-dollar infrastructure plans legible to boards.

The bill arrived in the same week's news. On December 26 the New York Times reported that AI companies raising funds are being made to pay lofty interest rates as debt investors grow cautious, a shift from the earlier phase when AI-linked issuance cleared easily. That is the pendulum the year ends on: capability is no longer the scarce input, financing is.

2025's dividend and its bill: reasoning and agents everywhere, debt investors getting choosier
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WHY IT MATTERS

Reasoning-by-default and agentic coding are now baseline assumptions in model selection, so evaluating a model on chat quality alone misses what it does over dozens of tool calls. The credit market is the leading indicator to watch in 2026: if inference and training capital gets more expensive, expect more pressure toward smaller models, caching, and open weights you host yourself.

WED · Dec 24, 2025hardwareinferencem and a

Nvidia absorbs Groq's inference tech in a reported $20B licensing deal

Groq announced on December 24 that it had entered a non-exclusive licensing agreement with Nvidia for its inference technology, with founder Jonathan Ross, president Sunny Madra and other staff joining Nvidia. Groq stated it will continue as an independent company with Simon Edwards as CEO and that GroqCloud keeps running; Groq's own post did not disclose a price. CNBC reported roughly $20 billion in cash, sourced to Groq's lead investor, and published an internal Nvidia memo in which Jensen Huang wrote the company is licensing Groq's IP but is not acquiring Groq as a company.

The structure matters as much as the number: a licensing-plus-talent deal can sidestep the merger filing a straight acquisition would trigger, the same pattern Microsoft used with Inflection in 2024. Groq's LPU was the clearest commercial challenge in low-latency inference, the segment where Nvidia faces AMD, Google's TPUs and Amazon's Trainium rather than the training market it already owns. Huang's stated plan is to fold Groq's low-latency processors into the Nvidia AI factory architecture.

Nvidia absorbs Groq's inference tech in a reported $20B licensing deal
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WHY IT MATTERS

Inference pricing is the line item most agent architectures live or die on, and this consolidates the vendor that was undercutting GPU-per-token economics. If you built on GroqCloud for latency-sensitive serving, the API keeps running for now, but assume the technology roadmap now belongs to your infrastructure supplier — and budget for less competitive pressure on inference pricing rather than more.

TUE · Dec 23, 2025regulationpolicynew york

New York's RAISE Act arrived rewritten — with universities in the lobbying coalition

The Verge reported on December 23 that the version of New York's Responsible AI Safety and Education Act signed by Governor Kathy Hochul was a rewrite substantially more favorable to industry than the bill passed by both chambers in June. An AI Alliance ad campaign against the legislation ran from November 23, spent an estimated $17,000-$25,000 and may have reached more than two million people, per Meta's Ad Library; the coalition includes Meta, IBM, Intel, Oracle, Uber, AMD and Hugging Face, alongside New York University, Cornell, Dartmouth, Carnegie Mellon, Northeastern and Yale Engineering. As enacted, the law reaches frontier developers over a compute threshold with incident reporting to the attorney general, and exempts academic research.

It follows two earlier beats in the same arc: California's SB 53, signed in September 2025, and the White House executive order of December 11 aimed at preempting state AI rules, against which the RAISE Act was signed days later. Reporting and legal analyses note the enacted text is narrower than the June version; the Justice Department could still test it on interstate-commerce grounds.

WHY IT MATTERS

For anyone building in a regulated vertical, the practical signal is that state-level AI rules are now being written by amendment after passage, with the compliance surface narrowing toward very large developers — so the binding constraints on your product are still disclosure and data-handling norms rather than model-level safety duties. Universities being on the industry side of the letter is the part worth remembering when academic safety research is cited as a neutral benchmark.

MON · Dec 22, 2025securityagentsprompt injection

OpenAI ships an adversarially trained Atlas model — and admits prompt injection will not be solved

In a security post dated December 22, OpenAI described shipping a security update to ChatGPT Atlas's browser agent, including a newly adversarially trained model and additional safeguards, after internal automated red teaming surfaced what it called a new class of prompt-injection attacks. The attacker is an LLM trained end-to-end with reinforcement learning that proposes candidate injections, runs them against a simulator of the victim agent, reads the resulting reasoning and action trace, and iterates before committing to a final attack. OpenAI says this found novel, long-horizon exploits its human red team and external reports had missed.

The demo it published is concrete: a malicious email seeded in the inbox causes the agent, asked to draft an out-of-office reply, to instead send a resignation letter to the user's CEO. OpenAI's own framing is the notable part — prompt injection, much like scams and social engineering on the web, is unlikely to ever be fully solved — alongside the admission that agent mode expands the security threat surface. Its mitigations are hedging rather than fixing: logged-out mode, confirmation prompts for consequential actions, and narrower instructions instead of broad ones.

WHY IT MATTERS

This is the vendor with the strongest incentive to claim a fix telling you the threat class is permanent, which means uncontained blast radius is a design defect on your side, not a model-quality problem waiting to be patched. Run browser and computer-use agents in isolated profiles and credential scopes, require explicit confirmation before any irreversible tool call, and treat every document, email or page the agent reads as untrusted instruction input.

MON · Dec 22, 2025open weightsmodelscoding

Z.ai open-sources GLM-4.7: 358B params, 32B active, MIT license, 200K context

Z.ai published GLM-4.7 on December 22 with weights on Hugging Face and ModelScope, a technical blog dated the same day, and support for vLLM and SGLang. The model is a mixture-of-experts design: the Hugging Face card lists 358B parameters, and independent trackers put active parameters at roughly 32B per token, with a 200,000-token context window. The license is MIT, which permits commercial self-hosting with no usage caps or acceptable-use riders.

Against GLM-4.6 it gains 5.8 points to 73.8% on SWE-bench Verified, 12.9 points to 66.7% on SWE-bench Multilingual, and 16.5 points to 41.0% on Terminal Bench 2.0; it scores 87.4% on tau-squared-Bench and 95.7% on AIME 2025, matching or beating GPT-5.1-High and Gemini 3.0 Pro on several of those. Z.ai also shipped GLM-4.7-Flash, a 30B-A3B variant small enough to run on a 16GB machine, and the model is wired into Claude Code, Cline, Roo Code and Kilo Code. The API is listed at $0.60 per million input tokens and $2.20 per million output tokens.

WHY IT MATTERS

An MIT-licensed coding model within about three points of Claude Sonnet 4.5 on SWE-bench Verified resets the floor on what you can self-host for agentic coding: routing bulk terminal and refactor work to a 30B-A3B local model and reserving a closed API for hard tasks is now a real cost architecture, not a compromise. It also means model choice is a licensing decision — check the license before you build a product on top of a checkpoint.